Настоящее Руководство по безопасности содержит рекомендации Федеральной службы по экологическому, технологическому и атомному надзору по выбору и обоснованию выбора варианта вывода из эксплуатации объектов использования атомной энергии при разработке концепции вывода из эксплуатации, программы и проектной документации вывода из эксплуатации объектов использования атомной энергии.
Рекомендуемый в настоящем Руководстве по безопасности подход по выбору и обоснованию варианта вывода из эксплуатации основан на проведении многофакторного анализа на конечном множестве альтернатив с учетом приоритета количественных показателей медико-социального обоснования соотношения «польза-вред» в соответствии с принципом обоснования по сравнению с экономическими выгодами.
Также Руководство по безопасности содержит рекомендации по оценке достаточности исследований для принятия решения о выборе варианта вывода из эксплуатации на основании анализа чувствительности полученных результатов к неопределенностям исходных данных.
При разработке настоящего Руководства по безопасности были учтены положения следующих документов:
- INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Decommissioning of facilities. IAEA Safety Standards Series, № GSR part 6, Vienna (2014);
- INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Decommissioning of Facilities Using Radioactive Material, IAEA Safety Standards Series №. WS-R-5, IAEA, Vienna (2006);
- INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Decommissioning Strategies for Facilities Using Radioactive Material, Safety Reports Series № 50, IAEA, Vienna (2007);
- INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Plants and Research Reactors, IAEA Safety Standards Series № WS-G-2.1, IAEA, Vienna (1999);
- INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Decommissioning of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities, IAEA Safety Standards Series № WS-G-2.4, IAEA, Vienna (2001);
- INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Decommissioning of Medical, Industrial and Research Facilities Safety Standards Series № WS-G-2.2, IAEA, Vienna (1999);
- Руководство по безопасности WS-G-5.1. «Освобождение площадок от регулирующего контроля после завершения практической деятельности», МАГАТЭ, Вена, 2008;
- Руководство по безопасности WS-G-5.2. «Оценка безопасности при выводе из эксплуатации объектов при использовании радиоактивного материала», МАГАТЭ, Вена, 2015;
- Захоронение радиоактивных отходов. № SSR-5. МАГАТЭ, Вена, 2011.
- Near Surface Disposal Facilities for Radioactive Waste. Specific Safety Guide. № SSG-29. IAEA, Vienna, 2014.
- Safety Assessment for Facilities and Activities. General Safety Requirements. № GSR Part 4 (Rev. 1). IAEA, Vienna, 2016;
- IAEA-TECDOC-1478. Selection of decommissioning. strategies: Issues and factors IAEA, 2005;
- On-site disposal as a decommissioning strategy. IAEA-TECDOC-1124, 1999;
- DOE EM Strategy and Experience for In Situ Decommissioning. 2009;
- The Management of Large Components from Decommissioning to Storage and Disposal. A report of the Task Group on Large Components of the NEA Working Party on Decommissioning and Dismantling (WPDD). NEA/RWM/R(2012)8. 24-Sep-2012;
- NUREG-1757. Vol. 2, Rev. 1. Consolidated Decommissioning Guidance. Characterization, Survey, and Determination of Radiological Criteria;
- 12 Lough, W.T., Johnson, W.R., White, K.P., A Multi-Criteria Decision Aid for Evaluating Nuclear Power Plant Decommissioning, Proc. of an Int. Decommissioning. Symposium, Pittsburgh (1987) 314–323.
Выпускается впервые.
Руководство по безопасности разработано коллективом авторов в составе: А.C. Абакумова, В.В. Бочкарев, Р.Б. Шарафутдинов (ФБУ «НТЦ ЯРБ»), А.В. Крянев, Д.С. Смирнов (НИЯУ «МИФИ»).
The Safety Guide RB-153-18 "Recommendations on Justification of Choice of Decommissioning Option for Nuclear Facilities" (approved by Order of Rostechnadzor dated of 29.12.2018, No. 666) (hereinafter to be referred to as Safety Guide) was developed in pursuance of Article 6 of the Federal Law dated of November 21, 1995, No. 170-FZ "On the Use of Atomic Energy" in support of observance of the requirements of i. 13 of the Federal Rules and Regulations in the field of atomic energy use "Safety Ensuring in Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities. General Provisions" (NP-091-14) approved by Order of the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service dated of May 20, 2014, No. 216; items 6 and 7 of the Federal Rules and Regulations in the field of atomic energy use "Safety Rules for Decommissioning of NFC Nuclear Installations" (NP-057-17) approved by Order of the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service dated of June 14, 2017, No. 205; i. 17 of the Federal Rules and Regulations in the field of atomic energy use "Rules on Safety Ensuring during Industry Uranium-Graphite Reactors Decommissioning" (NP-007-17) approved by Order of the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service dated of September 8, 2017, No. 357; i. 8 of the Federal Rules and Regulations in the field of atomic energy use "Safety Rules for Decommissioning of NPP Power Unit" (NP-012-16) approved by Order of the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service dated of January 10, 2017, No. 5; i. 24 of the Federal Rules and Regulations in the field of atomic energy use "Safety Rules for Nuclear Research Installations Decommissioning" (NP-028-16) approved by Order of the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service dated of April 4, 2017, No. 108; i. 34 of the Federal Rules and Regulations in the field of atomic energy use "Disposal of Radioactive Waste. Principles, Criteria and General Safety Requirements" (NP-055-14) approved by Order of the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service dated of August 22, 2014, No. 379.
The Safety Guide contains recommendations of the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service on the choice and justification of choice of decommissioning option for nuclear facilities during the development of a decommissioning concept, program and design documentation for decommissioning of nuclear facilities.
The approach to the choice and justification of choice of decommissioning option, recommended in the Safety Guide, is based on a multi-factor analysis on the final set of alternatives, considering the priority of quantitative indicators of the medical and social justification of the benefit-harm ratio in accordance with the principle of justification over economic benefits.
The Safety Guide also contains recommendations on assessment of the sufficiency of studies to decide on the decommissioning option based on an analysis of the sensitivity of the obtained results to the uncertainties of the initial data.
Provisions of the following documents were considered to develop the Safety Guide:
- INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Decommissioning of facilities. IAEA Safety Standards Series, No. GSR Part 6, Vienna (2014);
- INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Decommissioning of Facilities Using Radioactive Material, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. WS-R-5, IAEA, Vienna (2006);
- INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Decommissioning Strategies for Facilities Using Radioactive Material, Safety Reports Series No. 50, IAEA, Vienna (2007);
- INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Plants and Research Reactors, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. WS-G-2.1, IAEA, Vienna (1999);
- INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Decommissioning of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. WS-G-2.4, IAEA, Vienna (2001);
- INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Decommissioning of Medical, Industrial and Research Facilities Safety Standards Series No. WS-G-2.2, IAEA, Vienna (1999);
- Safety Guide WS-G-5.1. Release of Sites from Regulatory Control on termination of Practices, IAEA, Vienna, 2008;
- Safety Guide WS-G-5.2. Safety Assessment for the Decommissioning of Facilities Using Radioactive Material, IAEA, Vienna, 2015;
- Disposal of Radioactive Waste. No. SSR-5. IAEA, Vienna, 2011.
- Near Surface Disposal Facilities for Radioactive Waste. Specific Safety Guide. No. SSG-29. IAEA, Vienna, 2014.
- Safety Assessment for Facilities and Activities. General Safety Requirements. No. GSR Part 4 (Rev. 1). IAEA, Vienna, 2016;
- IAEA-TECDOC-1478. Selection of Decommissioning. strategies: Issues and factors IAEA, 2005;
- On-site disposal as a decommissioning strategy. IAEA-TECDOC-1124, 1999;
- DOE EM Strategy and Experience for In Situ Decommissioning. 2009;
- The Management of Large Components from Decommissioning to Storage and Disposal. A report of the Task Group on Large Components of the NEA Working Party on Decommissioning and Dismantling (WPDD). NEA/RWM/R(2012)8. 24-Sep-2012;
- NUREG-1757. Vol. 2, Rev. 1. Consolidated Decommissioning Guidance. Characterization, Survey, and Determination of Radiological Criteria;
- 12 Lough, W.T., Johnson, W.R., White, K.P., A Multi-Criteria Decision Aid for Evaluating Nuclear Power Plant Decommissioning, Proc. of an Int. Decommissioning. Symposium, Pittsburgh (1987) 314–323.
Issued for the first time.
The Safety Guide was developed by a team of authors, namely: Abakumov A.S., Bochkarev V.V., Sharafutdinov R.B.(SEC NRS), Kryanev A.V., Smirnov D.S. (NRNU MEPHI).