Approved by the
Decree of the Federal
Environmental, Industrial
and Nuclear Supervision Service
dated June 23, 2017 No. 217
FEDERAL
RULES AND REGULATIONS
IN THE FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY USE "INSTALLATIONS
FOR PRODUCTION OF PLUTONIUM-CONTAINING NUCLEAR FUEL.
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS"
(NP-098-17)
I. Purpose and scope of application
These federal rules and regulations in the field of atomic energy use "Installations for Production of Plutonium-Containing Nuclear Fuel. Safety Requirements" (NP-098-17) (hereinafter referred to as the Safety Requirements) are developed in accordance with the Federal Law dated November 21, 1995 No. 170-FZ "On atomic energy use", Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December, 1, 1997 "On approval of the Regulation on development and approval of Federal rules and regulations in the field of atomic energy use" (Collected Acts of the Russian Federation, 1997, N 49, art. 5600; 1999, N 27, art. 3380; 2000, N 28, art. 2981; 2002, N 4, art. 325; N 44, art. 4392; 2003, N 40, art. 3899; 2005, N 23, art. 2278; 2006, N 50, art. 5346; 2007, N 14, art. 1692; N 46, art. 5583; 2008, N 15, art. 1549; 2012, N 51, art. 7203).
2. These Safety Requirements establish safety requirements for assurance of the safety of pilot and commercial installations for the production of plutonium-containing nuclear fuel (hereinafter - pilot installations and commercial installations).
3. These Safety Requirements apply to designed, constructed and operated installations for the production of plutonium-containing nuclear fuel (hereinafter - the installations).
4. These Safety Requirements shall not apply to nuclear installations intended for:
research of properties of plutonium-containing nuclear fuel and development of technological processes for production of plutonium-containing nuclear fuel;
production of plutonium-containing nuclear fuel for reactor plants from nuclear materials in the form of solutions or melts of uranium and plutonium salts;
manufacture of fuel assemblies from fuel elements manufactured at other nuclear installations.
5. The procedure of bringing the installations into compliance with these Safety Requirements, including time limits and scope of necessary measures shall be defined on a case by case basis under the conditions of the siting, construction and operation license.
6. The terms and definitions are given in Appendix N 1, the list of abbreviations - in Appendix N 2 to these Safety Requirements.
II. Requirements
for safety assurance at
design
7. The design documentation of the installation (hereinafter referred to as the installation design) shall include a system of physical (static and dynamic) barriers preventing the spreading of ionizing radiation, nuclear materials and radioactive substances into the environment.
8. The number, purpose, reliability and methods of control of physical (static and dynamic) barriers must be established and substantiated in the design of the installation and presented in the SAR.
9. The use of only a static barrier between the plutonium-containing process media and the installation room shall be permitted if the following conditions are met:
no other process operations are performed with plutonium-containing process media placed inside the volume isolated by this static barrier, except for storage, transportation or control operations;
the control of the static barrier tightness is provided;
there is a static barrier and a dynamic barrier between the installation room and the environment.
10. The design of the installation must comply with the basic provisions and general requirements for nuclear safety established by federal rules and regulations in the field of atomic energy use.
11. The design of the installation must comply with the basic provisions of explosion and fire safety established by federal rules and regulations in the field of atomic energy use.
12. The design of the installation must provide for and substantiate technical and organizational measures to ensure the safety at the use, processing, storage, handling, transfer and intra-facility transportation of nuclear materials and plutonium-containing nuclear fuel.
13. The design of the installation must provide for and substantiate the radiation monitoring system and the alarm system to signal on emergence of self-sustaining chain reaction.
14. When designing equipment intended for the production of plutonium-containing nuclear fuel, in which it is possible to handle nuclear materials of different nuclide compositions, nuclear safety restrictions must be established for the most nuclear hazardous composition of nuclear materials.
15. Biological protection must be designed for the most radiation-hazardous nuclide composition of nuclear materials, with taking into account the accumulation of daughter products of their decay.
16. In order to ensure nuclear safety, the design of the installation must provide for the transfer of feedstock containing nuclear materials (except for depleted uranium) for the production of plutonium-containing nuclear fuel to chambers (boxes) using safe equipment.
17. Chambers (boxes) intended for loading of packages of nuclear material into shipping containers and their retrieval, weighing, opening, sampling, refueling, must have airlocks or devices for sealed connection of shipping containers provided with sealing devices both from the side of the room, and from the side of the chamber (box).
18. The design of the chambers (boxes), in which nuclear materials are handled in the form of powders, and (or) fine dust is formed, must enable using means of dust removal, including those intended for decontamination. Such means must be determined in the design of the installation.
19. The equipment of the installation, in which process operations with mechanical impact on nuclear materials are carried out, and (or) in which chemical reactions occur involving the use or formation of explosive and fire-hazardous substances, exothermic reactions, shall be placed in sealed chambers (boxes) designed with taking into account the hazards associated with these effects (reactions).
20. The design of the installation for all the process operations with powders of uranium and plutonium compounds, as well as metal uranium, must provide for and substantiate measures to ensure explosion and fire safety. Properties of final and intermediate products of technological process of production of plutonium-containing nuclear fuel, including characteristics and conditions of ignition and explosion, must be determined.
21. Equipment of the installation, where the formation of explosive concentrations of gases is possible shall enable dilution of the same with an inert atmosphere to the safe concentration and removal through the gas purification system.
22. Process operations for the production of plutonium-containing NF, providing for the production of fuel tablets with plutonium-containing NF, must be carried out in sealed chambers (boxes) with an inert atmosphere.
23. The installation design must provide for measures for safe handling recyclable reverts of nuclear materials that are returned to the head stages of the plutonium-containing NF production process. The number of recyclable reverts of nuclear materials must be kept to the minimum. In relation of non-recyclable reverts of nuclear materials generated on the installation, measures must be provided to prevent their accumulation on the installation above the values established and substantiated in the design.
24. For commercial installations, the readings of differential pressure control and (or) air flow rate instruments must be displayed on the control station (board) for each dynamic barrier. The control station (board) must be equipped with emergency light and sound signals for each dynamic barrier.
25. The design of the installation must provide for the equipment with filters of the gas purification system and the system of ventilation system of the installation premises, into which radioactive substances may enter. The effectiveness of filter cleaning must be substantiated in the design of the installation and presented in the SAR.
26. The design of the installation must determine the criteria (including the efficiency of filter cleaning), which, when reached, would require the replacement of filters, and provide for methods and means of monitoring the relevant parameters.
27. The structure, geometry and structural materials of the first stage filters of the gas purification system and the ventilation system of the premises of the installation, into which nuclear materials can enter, must prevent SSCR during normal operation and abnormal operation, including accidents.
28. The ventilation systems of the premises of the installation must be designed in such a way that the air flows in the premises would be directed downwards. The first filter along the exhaust air path must be located in close proximity to the exhaust ventilation inlet.
29. Filters and materials used for their manufacture must meet the requirements of the class "hard-burning materials" in accordance with GOST 12.1.044-89 (ISO 4589-84) "Interstate standard. Оccupational safety standards system. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indices and methods of their determination" (approved by resolution of the USSR State Committee for Product Quality Management and Standards dated December 12, 1989 No. 3683).
30. The design of the installation must provide for organizational and technical measures preventing ignition of filters of the gas purification system and the system of ventilation at accumulation of explosive and fire-hazardous substances on them.
31. The design of the installation must determine the order, frequency and list of tools for controlling the accumulation of nuclear materials in utility lines and equipment of the gas purification system and the ventilation system.
32. Filters with the atmospheric dust collection efficiency of not less than 80% shall be installed in the plenum ventilation systems.
33. The plenum ventilation systems shall be designed so that the flow rate of air supplied to the plant premises would not fall below the design value due to an increase in filter resistance during operation under all meteorological conditions taken into account in the installation design.
34. Air intakes of the plenum ventilation systems shall be protected against ingress of precipitation. Releases of exhaust ventilation systems, explosive or fire-hazardous and (or) toxic substances shall not be allowed into the air intake devices of plenum ventilation systems.
35. The redundancy of components of ventilation systems of the installation must be substantiated in the design of the installation and presented in the SAR.
36. Utility lines (air ducts) of systems of exhaust ventilation of premises of the installation, into which nuclear materials may enter, shall be designed so that, in case of fire on the installation with the maximum design fire load and duration of the fire, the functional characteristics of filters of ventilation systems would be retained, and their destruction (combustion, melting) would be prevented.
III.
Requirements for safety during
commissioning and operation
37. Prior to commissioning of the installation on the basis of the installation design, the SAR and process regulations, the operating organization shall ensure the development of instructions and manuals that determine the actions of employees (personnel) to ensure safety in case of abnormal operation, including instructions for the elimination of design-basis accidents and guidance for the management of beyond design-basis accidents. The actions of employees (personnel) prescribed by instructions and manuals shall be based on symptoms of ongoing events and the forecast of the conditions expected in the course of development of accidents. The actions of employees (personnel) based on this forecast must be aimed at limiting the consequences of accidents.
38. Commissioning of the installation must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 7.1 of the federal rules and regulations in the field of atomic energy use "General Provisions for the Safety of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities" (NP-016-05) approved by the resolution of Rostekhnadzor of December 2, 2005 No. 11 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on February 1, 2006, registration No. 7433) (hereinafter referred to as NP-016-05). At the same time, the operating organization must ensure the development and implementation of the installation commissioning program.
39. Upon completion of the pilot operation of the installation, the operating organization shall obtain actual data on releases and discharges of radioactive substances into the environment in order to confirm the values adopted in the installation design and make changes to it, if necessary.
40. Acceptance of the installation for commercial operation is carried out in the prescribed manner upon completion of the pilot operation.
41. Operation of the installation shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 7.2 of NP-016-05.
42. The installation premises used for handling of nuclear materials shall be equipped with fire-fighting equipment. It is forbidden to use fire extinguishing agents, the use of which can increase the value of the effective neutron multiplication factor.
43. Routes of evacuation of workers (personnel) from the nuclear hazardous zone should allow unhindered evacuation of workers (personnel), minimize the time of evacuation and radiation exposure dose of personnel, have marking and emergency lighting.
44. The compliance of the actual efficiency of cleaning the filters of the ventilation system and the gas purification system with the values established in the design of the installation must be instrumentally confirmed during operation.
Appendix No.1
to federal rules and regulations in the field
of atomic
energy use "Installations for Production of
Plutonium-Containing Nuclear Fuel.
Safety Requirements" approved by the
Decree of the Federal Environmental,
Industrial
and Nuclear Supervision Service
dated June 23, 2017 No. 217
SAR - Safety Analysis Report
SSCR - self-sustaining fission chain reaction
FA - Fuel Assembly
NF - Nuclear Fuel
Appendix No.2
to federal rules and regulations in the field
of atomic
energy use "Installations for Production of
Plutonium-Containing Nuclear Fuel.
Safety Requirements" approved by the
Decree of the Federal Environmental
, Industrial and
Nuclear Supervision Service
dated June 23, 2017 No. 217
1. Inert atmosphere is a gaseous medium that does not interact with reaction products, working media or materials of structural elements of the installation.
2. Biological protection - barriers (including civil structures) intended to protect against ionizing radiation.
3. Dynamic barrier is a physical barrier that limits the spreading of radioactive substances and nuclear materials beyond the limits set by the installation design through the operation of a ventilation system that creates rarefaction or directed air flows.
4. Non-recyclable reverts of nuclear materials are products containing nuclear materials generated in the process of production of nuclear fuel sent for processing for extraction of nuclear materials, removal of impurities and subsequent use of the recovered nuclear materials in the production process.
5. Pilot installation is an installation with an annual design capacity of plutonium-containing NF with plutonium content less than 200 kg.
6. Plutonium-containing nuclear fuel is NF containing compounds of plutonium and (or) a mixture of compounds of uranium and plutonium.
7. Commercial installation is an installation with an annual design capacity of plutonium-containing NF with plutonium content at least 200 kg.
8. Recyclable reverts of nuclear materials are products containing NF formed during the production of NF, which can be used in the production process without purification.
9. Static barrier is a physical barrier, which is an obstacle to the spreading of ionizing radiations (due to their weakening), radioactive substances and nuclear materials (due to their physical isolation).
10. Installation for the production of plutonium-containing nuclear fuel is a nuclear installation designed to produce fuel pellets, fuel elements, fuel assemblies with plutonium-containing NF.