Approved by
Order of the Federal
Environmental, Industrial
and Nuclear Supervision Service
dated May 20, 2014 No. 216
FEDERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS
IN THE FIELD OF NUCLEAR ENERGY USE "ENSURING OF SAFETY
DURING DECOMMISSIONING OF
NUCLEAR FACILITIES. GENERAL PROVISIONS"
(NP-091-14)
I. Purpose and scope
3. These federal standards and rules in the field of nuclear energy use "Ensuring of safety during decommissioning of nuclear facilities. General provisions" (hereinafter referred to as General Provisions) were developed in accordance with article 6 of Federal Law dated November 21, 1995 N 170-FZ "On the Use of Nuclear Energy" (Russian Federation Law Code, 1995, No. 48, art. 4552; 1997, No. 7, art. 808; 2001, No. 29, art. 2949; 2002, No. 1, art. 2; No. 13, art. 1180; 2003, No. 46, art. 4436; 2004, No. 35, art. 3607; 2006, No. 52, art. 5498; 2007, No. 7, art. 834; No. 49, art. 6079; 2008, No. 29, art. 3418; No. 30, art. 3616; 2009, No. 1, art. 17; No. 52, art. 6450; 2011, No. 29, art. 4281; No. 30, art. 4590; art. 4596; No. 45, art. 6333; No. 48, art. 6732; No. 49, art. 7025; 2012, N 26, art. 3446; 2013, N 27, art. 3451), Decree of the Russian Federation Government dated December 01, 1997 "On approval of the Regulation on development and approval of Federal rules and regulations in the area of nuclear energy use" (Collected Acts of the Russian Federation, 1997, N 49, art. 5600; 1999, N 27, art. 3380; 2000, N 28, art. 2981; 2002, N 4, art. 325; N 44, art. 4392; 2003, N 40, art. 3899; 2005, N 23, art. 2278; 2006, N 50, art. 5346; 2007, N 14, art. 1692; N 46, art. 5583; 2008, N 15, art. 1549; 2012, N 51, art. 7203).
2. These General Provisions apply to nuclear facilities, storage facilities for nuclear materials, radioactive substances and radioactive waste, radiation sources (hereinafter referred to as nuclear facilities), except for radiation sources that contain only radionuclide sources of the fourth and fifth radiation hazard category, mobile radiation sources and radiation sources based on serially manufactured radioisotope devices, radiation sources, in which ionizing radiation is generated, as well as radioactive waste disposal sites.
3. These General Provisions establish the main principles and general safety requirements for decommissioning of nuclear facilities.
4. The list of abbreviations used herein is presented in Appendix No.1, terms and definitions are in Appendix No.2.
II. Main principles of ensuring safety when
decommissioning nuclear facilities
5. Decommissioning of nuclear facilities must involve observance of the following main principles:
protection of workers (personnel), population and environment from radiation risks arising at decommissioning of nuclear facilities;
minimization of the amount of radioactive waste generated at decommissioning of nuclear facilities;
preventing emissions and discharge of radioactive substances into the environment in quantities exceeding the limits set by regulatory legal acts;
preventing of accidents at decommissioning of nuclear facilities and mitigation of consequences in case of accident.
6. Throughout the nuclear facility lifecycle stages preceding its decommissioning, planning of decommissioning must be exercised based on a graded approach depending on the complexity and specifics of the nuclear facility, its site (location), as well as the category of its potential radiation hazard.
III. General requirements for safe
decommissioning of nuclear facilities
to be implemented during their deployment, design and construction
7. A the stages of deployment, design and construction of nuclear facilities, planning of decommissioning is exercised through development and updating of the decommissioning concept that must be submitted within the nuclear facility design documentation and in the SAR.
The nuclear facility decommissioning concept must take into account the current state of science, technology and production, as well as the accumulated domestic and international experience of ensuring safe decommissioning of similar nuclear facilities, and must comprise:
description of possible options of nuclear facility decommissioning and expected end states after their implementation;
key safety measures at managing radioactive waste generated at decommissioning of nuclear facilities;
procedure for collection and storage in the nuclear facility decommissioning database of information important for safe decommissioning of nuclear facilities.
8. The nuclear facility design documentation must provide for technical solutions and organizational measures aimed at ensuring safe decommissioning of the nuclear facility, including:
selection of materials for manufacture of the nuclear facility structures, systems and equipment ensuring minimization of the amount of radioactive waste generated at performance of work on decommissioning;
application of structural and layout solutions for the nuclear facility systems and equipment facilitating dismantling operations, minimization of exposure of workers to radiation and their contact with radioactive and toxic substances;
ensuring the load-bearing capacity of construction elements, buildings and structures of the nuclear facility throughout its assigned service life and the decommissioning period;
ensuring resources and operability required for decommissioning of the nuclear facility, systems and equipment throughout the assigned assigned service life of the nuclear facility and the decommissioning period, or ensuring their replacement upon depletion of resources;
minimization of surface contamination of buildings, structures, components, systems and equipment with radioactive substances at operation of nuclear facility;
decontamination of buildings, structures, components, systems and equipment of nuclear facility;
removal of radioactive waste generated at operation of nuclear facility from storage facilities;
ensuring physical security, record and control of radioactive substances and radioactive waste at decommissioning of nuclear facility.
9. In the course of construction of the nuclear facility, information of any change in design documentation important for ensuring safe decommissioning of the nuclear facility must be documented and kept by the operating organization.
IV. General requirements for safe
decommissioning of nuclear facilities
to be implemented at their operation
10. At the stage of operation of the nuclear facility, the operating organization must ensure collection, documentation and storage in the database for decommissioning of the nuclear facility of information important for ensuring safe decommissioning of the nuclear facility, including information:
on the state of storage facilities and equipment available on the nuclear facility site and intended for collection, storage, processing and conditioning of radioactive waste generated at operation, available capacity of RW storage;
on fulfilled reconstruction (modernization) of the main systems and equipment of the nuclear facility;
on results of performed examinations of technical and radiation conditions of the nuclear facility;
on radionuclide composition and levels of contamination of surfaces of structures, systems, equipment, systems and the site of the nuclear facility with radioactive substances;
on the quantity and radionuclide composition of accumulated operational radioactive waste, their characteristics and storage places;
on change in the nuclear facility physical protection system;
on accidents at the nuclear facility that led to radioactive contamination of buildings, structures, systems and equipment and (or) to spreading of radioactive substances to systems and premises not stipulated by design and operation documentation.
11. The operating organization must, throughout the nuclear facility operation period, maintain the operability of structures, systems and equipment necessary for ensuring safe decommissioning of the nuclear facility.
12. During operation of the nuclear facility, its decommissioning is planned by means of regular revision and updating the design documentation and the "Decommissioning" section of the SAR. This must be done with taking into account the previous record of operation of the nuclear facility, including:
the record of production and results of repair of the main systems and equipment of the nuclear facility;
performed reconstructions (modernizations, replacements) of the main systems and equipment of the nuclear facility;
on results of performed examinations of technical and radiation conditions of the nuclear facility;
results of analysis of accidents that occurred in operation.
13. When preparing for decommissioning of the nuclear facility, the operating organization must ensure:
development of the decommissioning program;
removal of SNF and (or) NM, radioactive process media from equipment, systems and premises of the nuclear facility;
performance of CERE and preparation of a report based on the CERE results to a scope necessary for specification of the nuclear facility decommissioning program and substantiation of safety of work at its implementation;
decontamination of buildings, structures, systems and equipment to a scope necessary for fulfillment of decommissioning work;
processing and conditioning of radioactive waste accumulated at the nuclear facility over the time of its operation, arrangement of the radioactive waste in a storage facility and (or) transportation beyond the limits of the nuclear facility site for storage or burial;
training of workers (personnel) for performing work on decommissioning of the nuclear facility;
preparation of operation documentation of systems and equipment at performance of work on decommissioning of the nuclear facility;
development of plans of measures for protection of workers in case of an accident at the nuclear facility during decommissioning;
development of a quality assurance program for the work at decommissioning of the nuclear facility;
development of measures on the nuclear facility fire protection at performance of work on its decommissioning;
development of design documentation for the selected option of the nuclear facility decommissioning with due regard to the CERE results;
development of SAR for decommissioning of the nuclear facility for the selected option.
14. The program of decommissioning must be developed based on the nuclear facility decommissioning concept, design documentation and information accumulated in the database on decommissioning of the nuclear facility.
The nuclear facility decommissioning program must be updated after the fulfillment of the nuclear facility CERE.
15. The design documentation for decommissioning of the nuclear facility must provide for technical means and organizational measures for ensuring safe decommissioning of the nuclear facility, including:
description of stages of the nuclear facility decommissioning, including the technology and sequence of performance of work;
methods and means of ensuring the radiation safety, fire- and explosion safety, managing radioactive waste generated at decommissioning of the nuclear facility;
measures for ensuring physical protection, record and control of radioactive substances and radioactive waste;
description of the end state of the nuclear facility on completion of work on its decommissioning.
16. Work on decommissioning of the nuclear facility must not result in disruption of normal operation of other nuclear facilities arranged on the site in question.
17. Should it be technologically impossible to ensure safe removal of SNF and (or) NM that spread as a result of accidents to systems and premises not stipulated by design and operation documentation, the design documentation on decommissioning of the nuclear facility must take into account the actual condition of the nuclear facility, consequences of accidents, and must contain a list of potentially nuclear hazardous activities and description of technical measures for bringing the nuclear facility to the nuclear safe condition prior to decommissioning.
V. General requirements for safety assurance
to be implemented a decommissioning of
nuclear facilities
18. The operating organization must exercise decommissioning of the nuclear facility and the related radioactive waste managing activities in compliance with requirements of relevant federal standards and rules in the field of nuclear energy use.
19. In the course of the nuclear facility decommissioning activities, the nuclear facility decommissioning program must be adjusted, if the radiation situation at the nuclear facility prevents safe and timely fulfillment of the entire scope of work stipulated by this program.
20. The operating organization must ensure emergency availability at decommissioning of the nuclear facility.
21. All the materials generated at decommissioning must be subjected to radiation control, based on results of which radioactive waste must be separated from materials suitable for repeated limited or unlimited use, and non-radioactive waste.
22. During activities on decommissioning of the nuclear facility, there must be assured physical protection, record and control of radioactive substances and radioactive waste temporarily stored in the premises and on the site of the nuclear facility.
VI. Completion of work on decommissioning of
nuclear facilities
23. Upon completion of all the activities stipulated by the design documentation for decommissioning, the operating organization must hold a final examination of the decommissioned nuclear facility including engineering and radiation survey of buildings, structures, components and systems, and radiation survey of materials left on its site.
24. The results of the final examination must be executed in the form of a document certifying that the end state to be attained after decommissioning of the nuclear facility, as determined in the nuclear facility decommissioning program and design documentation, has been achieved.
25. Upon completion of all the activities stipulated by the design documentation for decommissioning, the operating organization must ensure safekeeping of all the documents on results of decommissioning of the nuclear facility (including the report on results of the final examination) in compliance with requirements of the Russian Federation legislation.
Appendix 1
to federal rules and regulations
in the field of nuclear energy use
"Ensuring of safety during
decommissioning of
nuclear facilities.
General provisions" approved by
Order of the Federal
Environmental, Industrial
and Nuclear Supervision Service
dated __________ "__", 20__, N _______
ABBREVIATIONS
CERE - Comprehensive Engineering and Radiation Examination
SAR - Safety Analysis Report
SNF - Spent Nuclear Fuel
RW - Radioactive Waste
NM - Nuclear Material
Appendix 2
to federal rules and regulations
in the field of nuclear energy use
" Ensuring of safety during
decommissioning of
nuclear facilities.
General provisions" approved by
Order of the Federal
Environmental, Industrial
and Nuclear Supervision Service
dated ________ "__", 20__. N ______
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
These General Provisions contain the terms defined by federal laws as well as federal rules and regulations in the field of nuclear energy use. In addition, for the purposes of these General Provisions, the following terms are used.
Option of decommissioning of a nuclear facility is one of the methods to attain the end state of the nuclear facility at decommissioning in stages.
Decommissioning of a nuclear facility is activities exercised after termination of operation of the nuclear facility, which excludes its being used according to its designed purpose up until total or partial exemption from radiation control of state safety regulation authorities in the field of nuclear energy use.
Comprehensive engineering and radiation survey of a nuclear facility is a complex of organizational and technical measures aimed at obtaining information on engineering (technical) condition of buildings, structures, construction components, equipment, systems, as well as on radiation situation in the premises and on the site of the nuclear facility, spatial and surface contamination of rooms with radioactive substances.
The end state after decommissioning of a nuclear facility is a state of the nuclear facility to be achieved upon completion of all the activities on its decommissioning as assigned by the design documentation.
Preparation for decommissioning of a nuclear facility is activities on holding a complex of organizational and technical measures preceding decommissioning of the nuclear facility and exercised within the license for operation of the nuclear facility.
Nuclear facility decommissioning program is an organizational and technical document, which determines, for the selected option of decommissioning, the key measures for decommissioning of the nuclear facility, a procedure, conditions and planned time limits for holding the same at preparation for and implementation of decommissioning of the nuclear facility, a sequence and a tentative schedule of stages of decommissioning of the nuclear facility, as well as brief characteristics of the planned end states of the nuclear facility upon completion of individual stages of activities.
Design documentation on decommissioning of a nuclear facility is a totality of design and engineering documents developed for the selected option of decommissioning of the nuclear facility, which stipulate a procedure, technical means and organizational measures for ensuring decommissioning of the nuclear facility, including:
the sequence and a tentative schedule of stages of decommissioning of the nuclear facility;
specific types of activities at each stage of decommissioning of the nuclear facility, with specification of a sequence and technologies of performing the same;
required human, financial and material and technical resources at each stage of decommissioning of the nuclear facility.